Pets & Longevity: What the Science Says

Pets are more than just companions—they may have real health benefits, too. Studies suggest that pet ownership, particularly dog companionship, could be linked to increased longevity and overall well-being. But how strong is this connection? And does simply having a pet lead to a longer, healthier life? Let's dive into the science behind pets and human health.

The Science of the Human-Animal Bond

One fascinating study, published in Science, found that looking into a dog's eyes or petting them triggers the release of oxytocin—the same “love hormone” responsible for bonding between mothers and infants. This chemical reaction strengthens the connection between humans and their canine friends, potentially reducing stress and enhancing emotional well-being.

Additionally, researchers have found a profound cardiovascular response when people interact with dogs and horses, including lower heart rates and reduced blood pressure. However, an amusing twist in the study revealed that they were initially measuring the animals’ heart rates—not the humans’!

Pets and Longevity: What the Data Shows

A meta-analysis involving more than three million people followed for a decade found that owning a dog was associated with a 24% reduced risk of premature death. Researchers believe this could be due to increased physical activity, as dog owners tend to walk more frequently than non-owners.

However, it’s worth noting that pet owners also tend to be younger, wealthier, and more educated, which could influence these findings. Once socioeconomic factors were accounted for, the longevity advantage disappeared.

For cat owners, the picture is more complex. Some studies have found that cat ownership is linked to a higher risk of mortality. This could be due to lower activity levels among cat owners compared to dog owners and even non-pet owners. Unlike dogs, cats don’t require regular walks, which could contribute to more sedentary lifestyles.

The Power of Pet Ownership—Even Crickets?

One particularly unique randomized controlled trial tested pet ownership’s effects on psychological well-being. However, instead of dogs or cats, participants were given pet crickets to care for.

Surprisingly, the results showed that elderly individuals caring for crickets experienced significant improvements in depression, cognitive status, and overall mental health. While crickets aren’t quite the same as a loyal Labrador, the study suggests that even the act of caring for another living creature can bring psychological benefits.

Do Dog Owners Really Walk More?

Beyond emotional benefits, the physical activity component of pet ownership is key. Longitudinal studies confirm that dog owners are more likely to meet recommended exercise guidelines. However, only about one-third of older dog owners actually walk their pets three times a week or more.

To maximize the health benefits of pet ownership, it’s essential to not just own a pet—but to actively engage with them. Regular walks, playtime, and interaction are key to boosting both pet and human health.

Final Thoughts: A Prescription for a Walk

In 1925, a medical journal wisely stated:

"The best prescription to be written for a walk is to take a dog."

Science continues to uncover the many ways pets can enrich our lives, from reducing stress to encouraging physical activity. Whether it’s a dog, cat, or even a cricket, the companionship of animals can bring joy, connection, and possibly even a longer life.

Research sources:
https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2018-36783-003
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31592726/
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25883356/
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6999524/
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33182245/
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31592727/
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33079585/
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31815850/
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21857770/
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7502998/
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1774745/
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26383099/
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29668896/
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16970652/