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Laser Skin Rejuvenation: The Science Explained
How Does Laser Skin Rejuvenation Work?
Laser skin rejuvenation creates controlled damage to the skin. Although creating damage to the skin may appear as if it would damage the skin, laser treatments trigger the body's natural repair process which causes the increase in collagen and elastin production. Both collagen and elastin are important to youthful and firm skin; however, the production of these two proteins diminishes with age. By stimulating the production of collagen and elastin, laser treatments cause an increase in skin elasticity, decrease wrinkles and promote general skin rejuvenation. See the guide to science backed skincare that actually works for more information about other effective skincare practices.
Types of Laser Treatments
Laser treatments fall into two categories. They are categorized based upon whether the laser is ablative or non-ablative. Each category has different mechanisms, recovery times and uses for treating different skin conditions.
1. Ablative Laser Treatments
Ablative lasers damage the upper layer of the skin while also heating the underlying layers of the skin. The heat from the laser stimulates collagen production and is effective for treating wrinkles, fine lines and skin laxity.
Common Ablative Lasers:
- CO2 Laser: The CO2 laser is considered the gold standard in skin resurfacing. CO2 lasers produce significant results in reducing wrinkles and skin tightening. CO2 lasers have a significantly longer recovery period than other ablative lasers and can also pose a greater risk for complications.
- Erbium (ER) Laser: Erbium lasers are considered to be a more conservative version of CO2 lasers. Erbium lasers produce less damage to the skin than CO2 lasers and therefore allow for quicker recovery times (3-8 days). Erbium lasers also produce fewer complications than CO2 lasers when used to treat fine lines and superficial skin conditions.
Pros of Ablative Lasers:
- Significant improvement in wrinkles and skin texture
- Only one treatment typically produces noticeable results
Cons of Ablative Lasers:
- Longer recovery time (weeks for CO2 lasers)
- Increased risk of complications such as scarring and prolonged redness
2. Non-Ablative Laser Treatments
Non-ablative lasers do not damage the skin's surface. Non-ablative lasers instead penetrate the skin below the surface and stimulate collagen production without causing damage to the skin's surface. Non-ablative lasers are more conservative than ablative lasers and require multiple treatments for optimal results.
Common Non-Ablative Treatments:
- Intense Pulsed Light (IPL): IPL is a common treatment for removing age spots, freckles and small blood vessels. Due to the short recovery time associated with IPL treatments, it makes it ideal for lunchtime treatments.
- Radio Frequency (RF) Therapy: RF therapy utilizes electrical currents to tighten the skin and stimulate collagen. RF therapy is effective for treating wrinkles and skin laxity.
- Infrared Light Therapy: Infrared light therapy penetrates deeper layers of the skin and stimulates collagen production without damaging pigment or blood vessels.
Pros of Non-Ablative Lasers:
- Shorter recovery time and lower risk of complications
- Effective for all skin types
Cons of Non-Ablative Lasers:
- Multiple treatments required to produce significant results
- Less dramatic results than ablative lasers
The New Standard: Fractional Laser Technology
Fractional lasers combine elements of ablative and non-ablative treatments by targeting only a portion of the skin. This provides a quicker recovery time than traditional ablative lasers while producing similar results.
How It Works: Fractional lasers create micro-columns of treated skin with healthy surrounding skin. The healthy surrounding skin helps facilitate the healing process while still stimulating collagen production.
Advantages of Fractional Lasers:
- Quicker recovery time than traditional ablative lasers
- Lower risk of complications while providing significant results
- Available in both ablative and non-ablative forms for customized treatments
Red Light Therapy: The Future of Dermatology?
Traditional laser treatments do not use red light. Red light stimulates cellular energy production which promotes collagen growth and improves skin circulation. To learn more about red light therapy in relation to improving skin health, please refer to low level light therapy (LLLT): science and benefits.
Is There Scientific Evidence to Support Red Light Therapy?
There is some evidence supporting red light therapy in the treatment of acne. However, there is limited scientific support for red light therapy in the treatment of fine lines and wrinkles. Further research will need to be conducted before red light therapy is considered an effective treatment option for anti-aging.
Choosing the Right Laser for Your Needs
Several factors will influence which laser is right for you. These include:
- Skin Aging Concerns: Ablative lasers are best for severe wrinkles and loose skin. Non-ablative lasers are best for mild texture issues and pigment changes.
- Recovery Time: If you prefer a quick recovery time, non-ablative treatments or fractional lasers are likely to be best for you.
- Financial Considerations: Ablative lasers typically provide more dramatic results in fewer sessions. Non-ablative treatments require multiple sessions but produce fewer complications.
Conclusion
Laser skin rejuvenation has made tremendous strides. With each passing year, laser treatments become safer and more effective at combating the signs of aging. Regardless of whether you decide to utilize an ablative, non-ablative or fractional laser treatment, the most important thing to consider is the choice of laser that matches your skin goals and lifestyle. Consultation with a dermatologist will assist you in making an educated decision and achieving the best possible results.